IN THIS POST: TERMS AND THEORIES I'VE PICKED UP THROUGHOUT MY AS COURSE
AUDIO BRIDGE: When audio is carried over two takes to tie together two scenes.
IDENTS: a short sequence shown before a film to identify the production company/distribution company.
INDIE: not belonging or affiliated to a major film company (ex. Big 5).
SERIF & SANS SERIF:
SOCIAL REALIST: A film genre that aims to show the real socio-political conditions of the working class.
BFI: (British Film Institute): A film and television organization that promotes filmmaking and television in the United Kingdom. The BFI uses its funds to encourage film production and distribution.
AUTEUR: French word "auteur" meaning author. A film whose director has a distinctive style and gives the film its personal and unique stamp. It also should provide some social commentary in their films.
ESTABLISHING SHOT: Used to introduce a new scene and tell the viewer where and when the film is taking place. They can also set up a point of view or help develop character. Conventionally an extended long shot.
PROPP:
NARRATIVE
ENIGMA: This is an editing technique in which the
camera shows only some of the narrative, leaving the audience with a sense of
mystery as to where the narrative will go next. (bbc.co.uk)
EXPOSITION: Reveals details about a
film’s narrative. (Can be character traits, motivations, background information
or themes that all allow the audience to further comprehend the central
narrative of a film.)
SHALLOW AND DEEP FOCUS: A shallow depth of field describes a small area or part of the image in focus, where things away from the main subject become blurry. A deep depth of field has a large area in focus. (Boords)
(shallow on the left, deep on the right)
JOSEPH CAMPBELL'S "HERO'S JOURNEY"/ MONOMYTH: Describes the common heroic narrative in which a heroic protagonist sets
out, has transformative adventures, and returns home. (University of California,
Berkeley)
POLYSEMY: the coexistence of many
possible meanings for a text. It is also the lack of a preferred reading.
ANCHORAGE: The combination of many
signifiers pointing towards a preferred reading.
PREFERRED READING: (Coined by Stuart Hall) When the audience responds to the ideas in the way the media producer
wants them to. (bbc.co.uk)
SIGNIFIER: An aspect of sound,
editing, cinematography, mise-en-scene or other that has connotations and meaning.
VERISIMILITUDE: the appearance
of being true or real, important for mise-en-scene.
SOUNDTRACK: a recording of the musical
accompaniment of a film (Oxford Dictionary)
PRIMARY & SECONDARY AUDIENCES: Primary audiences are those who the text is intentionally aimed to appeal
to. Secondary, or "hidden", audiences include anyone who may feel
engaged for one or more reasons but aren’t the main priority.
U+G (USES AND GRATIFICATION): Blumler
and Katz's uses, and gratification theory suggests that media users play an
active role in choosing and using the media. (University of Kentucky) This
includes escapism and personal identification with a text.
ELLIPSIS: a common procedure in film
narrative, where movement and action unnecessary to the telling of a story will
often be removed by editing (Wikipedia)
BIG 5: Vertically integrated
conglomerate companies that have a monopoly over the film industry (as well as
others like music). They are Paramount, Disney, Sony-Colombia, NBC Universal,
Warner Bros and some argue that Lionsgate should be included in the “Big 6”.
FOUR QUADRANT STRATEGY: Trying to
appeal and represent both male and female, over and under 25s.
JUXTAPOSITION: the fact of
two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. (Oxford
Dictionary)
MASTER SHOT: A (extreme) long
shot including all characters and scenery, can be used to introduce a new angle,
character object etc…
NORMATIVE: establishing, relating to,
or deriving from a standard or norm, especially of behaviour. (Oxford
dictionary)
COUNTER-HEGEMONIC: When something is going against the power of social norms. (Antonio
Gramsci)
FORESHADOWING:
A warning or clue to a future event in a text,
a form of hidden exposition.
HYBRID: A mixture of two or more
genres, a common one is rom-coms that has become its own genre through its
popularity.
CONVERGENCE: By convergence
we mean the trend for different technologies for the delivery of content to
start to resemble one another. (BFI, Coined by Henry Jenkins)
GANT RULE: A rule saying that tentpole
films will make 4x the UK revenue in the US.
FOLEY SOUND: Foley is a
unique sound effect technique that involves creating and “performing” everyday
sounds for movies and television shows. (Masterclass)
AMBIENT SOUND: diegetic background noises that create verisimilitude for the film set environment.
FRANCHISE FATIGUE: The drop in
box-office sales, major tentpole picture engagement and franchise penetration
with core global audiences, franchise fatigue is a term that encapsulates a
general lack of excitement around, and participation in, major box office
launches. (License Global)
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